Which amateurs may contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands?

The correct answer is that any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license may contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands.

This is based on the licensing requirements set by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States, which allow Technicians and higher-class licensees to operate on VHF frequencies, specifically the 2 meter band. The ISS has authorized amateur radio operations on the VHF band, making it accessible to Technicians who hold the appropriate license.

While General and higher class license holders certainly have the privileges to operate on VHF bands, the key aspect of the question emphasizes that even those with the Technician class license can fulfill this requirement without any additional approvals from NASA. It simplifies access for those who may have just started in amateur radio, allowing them to engage with an exciting aspect of the hobby that includes communication with astronauts aboard the ISS.

The requirements for approval from NASA mentioned in some other options pertain to specific types of activities or special operations, which are not necessary for general VHF access to the ISS. Thus, a Technician class license is sufficient for this level of operation.